Arduino Trash Separation Project: A Smart Solution for Waste Management

O(caps)ne of the major environmental challenges we face today is the proper disposal and recycling of waste materials. Many waste items, such as plastic and metal, can be reused or repurposed if they are separated from the rest of the garbage. However, manual sorting of waste is tedious, time-consuming, and inefficient. That is why we have developed an Arduino-based trash separation project that can automatically sort plastic and metal waste using sensors and actuators. Moreover, our project can also detect when the trash bin is full and alert the user or the waste management service. In this report, we will describe the design, implementation, and testing of our Arduino trash separation project and discuss its potential benefits and limitations.

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Project goal:

• Introducing the Smart Bin: A revolutionary solution for waste management.
• Simplifies Sorting: The Smart Bin simplifies the process of sorting different kinds of garbage by using advanced sensors and algorithms.
• Reduces Multiple Bins: The Smart Bin reduces the need for multiple trash bins by having separate chambers for different waste materials.
• Saves Time and Effort: The Smart Bin saves time and effort by automatically separating items such as plastic bags, metal cans, plastic bottles, and paper.
• Modern Design: The Smart Bin enhances the aesthetics of any space with its modern and stylish design.
• Automatic Lid: The Smart Bin features a hand motion sensor that opens the lid automatically when you approach it.
• Full Bin Alerts: The Smart Bin alerts you when any of the chambers are full and need to be emptied.
• Air Freshener: The Smart Bin keeps your environment fresh and clean by spraying air freshener periodically.

Introduction:

Korea is a global leader in recycling management, ranking second in the world. The country has a strict waste separation system that requires residents to dispose of their trash in six different categories. This is a legal obligation, and violators can face fines or penalties. However, this system can be confusing and time-consuming for newcomers, especially foreigners. That is why I have developed an innovative solution that can automate the waste separation process using a single trash bin. My system can detect and sort two types of waste and store them in separate chambers. This will save time and effort for busy people and help them comply with environmental regulations.

The Features of the Project

• Automatic Separation: Different types of garbage like plastic bags, metal cans, plastic bottles, and paper are automatically separated.
• Automatic Lid Opening: The trash bin cover opens automatically by a hand motion sensor.
• Full Bin Alarm: An alarm sounds when any of the trash chambers are full.
• Air Freshener: Automatically sprays air freshener after a certain period to maintain a good smell.

Necessary Elements:

• Arduino Mega/UNO
• Servo Motor (SER0047 or MG995 for more torque)
• Inductive Proximity Sensor (PNP, NO output, 6~12V)
• Capacitive Proximity Sensor (PNP, NO output, 6~12V)
• Battery 9~12V
• Trash bin
• Trash Bin Cover

Project description

Design and Assembly

Okay now let’s have an elaborate discussion about that project…

This is the 3D model of that project 

and this is how everything was assembled.

For this project, I used two types of sensors: capacitive and metal proximity. These sensors can work in any environment and detect the presence of objects. To measure the amount of trash inside the bin, I also added an IR distance sensor, but this is optional and you can skip it if you want. You will need two metal proximity sensors and one capacitive sensor for this project.

To connect the circuit, you need to attach the brown wire to the VCC (6¬24v), which is the power supply. The blue wire goes to the ground, and the black wire is for the signal input. The IR distance sensor has a simpler connection: just remember that the yellow pin is for the signal input as well.

Circuit Diagram:

One of the challenges of using proximity sensors with Arduino is the mismatch between their voltage levels. Arduino can only output and input 5V, but most proximity sensors require 6-24V to operate. To solve this problem, you need to use two separate power sources: one for the sensor and one for the Arduino. You also need to use a resistor or a DC to DC converter to reduce the voltage of the sensor's signal before connecting it to the Arduino's input pin. This will prevent damage to the Arduino and ensure accurate readings. Similarly, you should use a separate power source for servo motors, as they can draw a lot of current and interfere with the Arduino's operation.

Algorithm

The algorithm used for this project is simple and effective. It consists of three steps:

1. Metal Detection: An object passes through a metal sensor, which detects if it contains metal. If it does, the metal trash bin door opens automatically.
2. Conductive Detection: The object passes through both a metal and a conductive sensor. The conductive trash bin door opens only if the object is conductive but not metal.
3. Non-Metal and Non-Conductive: If none of the sensors are triggered, the object is neither metal nor conductive, and the trash bin doors remain closed.

Implementation and Testing

The implementation of the Arduino trash separation project involves assembling the hardware components and writing the software code to control the sensors and actuators. The Arduino board is programmed to read the sensor inputs and control the servo motors to open and close the trash bin doors. The system is tested by placing different types of waste materials in front of the sensors and observing the behavior of the trash bin.

Potential Benefits and Limitations

Benefits

• Efficiency: The Smart Bin automates the waste separation process, making it more efficient and less time-consuming.
• Compliance: Helps users comply with strict waste separation regulations.
• Convenience: Reduces the need for multiple trash bins and manual sorting of waste.
• Aesthetics: Enhances the aesthetics of any space with its modern design.
• Fresh Environment: Maintains a fresh environment with periodic air freshener sprays.

Limitations

• Cost: The initial cost of setting up the Smart Bin may be higher than traditional trash bins.
• Maintenance: Regular maintenance is required to ensure the sensors and actuators function correctly.
• Power Supply: Requires a reliable power supply for continuous operation.

Conclusion

The Arduino Trash Separation Project is a smart solution for waste management that automates the process of sorting different types of waste materials. By using advanced sensors and algorithms, the Smart Bin can efficiently separate plastic, metal, and other types of waste, reducing the need for manual sorting and multiple trash bins. The project not only saves time and effort but also helps users comply with environmental regulations and maintain a clean and fresh environment. With its modern design and innovative features, the Smart Bin is a valuable addition to any space, promoting efficient waste management and environmental sustainability.